 | Apache: The Definitive Guide |  |
A related notion to that of handlers is actions. An action passes specified files through a named CGI script before they are served up.
Action type cgi_script Server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
The cgi_script is applied to any file of MIME or handler type matching type whenever it is requested. This mechanism can be used in a number of ways. For instance, it can be handy to put certain files through a filter before they are served up on the Web. As a simple example, suppose we wanted to keep all our .html files in compressed format to save space, and to uncompress them on the fly as they are retrieved. Apache happily does this. We make site.filter a copy of site.first, except that the httpd.conf file is as follows:
User webuser Group webgroup ServerName localhost DocumentRoot /usr/www/site.filter/htdocs ScriptAlias /cgi-bin /usr/www/cgi-bin AccessConfig /dev/null ResourceConfig /dev/null AddHandler peter-zipped-html zhtml Action peter-zipped-html /cgi-bin/unziphtml <Directory /usr/www/site.filter/htdocs> DirectoryIndex index.zhtml </Directory>
The points to notice are that:
AddHandler sets up a new handler with a name we invented, peter-zipped-html, and associates a file extension with it: zhtml (notice the absence of the period).
Action sets up a filter. For instance:
Action peter-zipped-html /cgi-bin/unziphtml
means "apply the CGI script unziphtml to anything with the handler name peter-zipped-html."
The CGI script ... /cgi-bin/unziphtml contains the following:
#!/bin/sh echo "content-type: text/html" echo gzip -S .zhtml -d -c $PATH_TRANSLATED
This applies gzip with the following flags:
Sets the file extension as .zhtml
Uncompresses the file
Outputs the results to the standard output so they get sent to the client, rather than uncompressing in place
gzip is applied to the file contained in the environment variable PATH_TRANSLATED.
Finally, we have to turn our .htmls into .zhtmls. In ... /htdocs we have compressed and renamed:
catalog_summer.html to catalog_summer.zhtml
catalog_autumn.html to catalog_autumn.zhtml
It would be simpler to leave them as gzip does (with the extension .html.gz), but a file extension that maps to a MIME type cannot have a "." in it.[44]
[44]At least, not in a stock Apache. Of course, you could write a module to do it.
We also have index.html, which we want to convert, but we have to remember that it must call up the renamed catalogs with .zhtml extensions. Once that has been attended to, we can gzip it and rename it to index.zhtml.
We learned that Apache automatically serves up index.html if it is found in a directory. But this won't happen now, because we have index.zhtml. To get it to be produced as the index, we need the DirectoryIndex directive (see Chapter 7, "Indexing"), and it has to be applied to a specified directory:
<Directory /usr/www/site.filter/htdocs> DirectoryIndex index.zhtml </Directory>
Once all that is done, and ./go is run, the page looks just as it did before.
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| 4.8. Handlers |  | 5. Authentication |
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